Fig. 9

Simulation of residual chlorine concentration, using an initial concentration of 0.8 mg L^− 1, which is the average value measured in the distribution tank. a At 2 am, residual chlorine concentrations in the 4% of the nodes are below 0.3 mg L^− 1. b At 9 am, chlorine concentrations in 2.5% of the nodes are below regulation (0.3 mg L^− 1)